Conceptual Model Of Hybrid Employee Productivity Through Motivation, Discipline, Work Environment, And E-HRM: An Integrated Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37676/jmea.v4i2.707Keywords:
Hybrid Productivity, Motivation, Work Discipline, E-HRM, Impersonal TrustAbstract
The advancement of technology and changes in work patterns following the COVID-19 pandemic have led to the widespread adoption of hybrid work systems. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the productivity of hybrid employees and to develop an integrative conceptual model that can serve as a foundation for future research. Using a narrative literature review method based on 20 articles from SINTA and Scopus-indexed academic databases (2019–2025), the study found that hybrid employee productivity is influenced by motivation, work discipline, the physical work environment, and e-HRM systems that enhance impersonal trust in the organization. This research offers a theoretical contribution to the development of hybrid HR frameworks in developing countries and provides practical implications for human resource management in the flexible work era. It also recommends empirical testing of the model within industrial sectors in Indonesia.
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