Human Rights Violations In The Agrarian Sector In The Perspective Of National Law And International Law (Case Study Of Rempang Island)

Muhammad Wendra; Andri Sutrisno

doi:10.37676/sosj.v1i1.341

Authors

Muhammad Wendra Stih iblam
Andri Sutrisno STIH IBLAM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37676/sosj.v1i1.341

Keywords:

Violations, Human Rights, Agrarian, Indonesian National Law, International Law

Abstract

Human Rights are a set of rights that are essentially inherent in humans. This right is natural, cannot be contested or taken away, and applies universally. Violations of human rights occur if these rights are taken away or challenged by other parties. The field of human rights violations is very broad, covering various rights possessed by humans, including in this case regarding land in the agrarian sector. Violations of human rights in the agrarian sector are basically similar to violations of human rights in other fields, the difference being the object of the right that gives rise to the human rights violation. In this case, the object in question is land in the agrarian sector. Indonesian national law and international law have slightly different perspectives regarding human rights violations in the agrarian sector. The difference is regarding control over the agrarian sector. National law has independent rights over the agrarian sector within its territory without interference from other parties outside the country, including international law. However, this form of violation of human rights, even in the agrarian sector, remains the subject of international law, as is the universal principle held by human rights law. To provide protection of rights in the agrarian sector, Indonesian national law applies the provisions of the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, and Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles Regulations. Meanwhile, international law applies Convention Number 169 of the International Labor Organization (ILO), as well as the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Therefore, this writing aims to explain the point of view of how Indonesian national law views human rights violations in the agrarian sector through domestic regulations, as well as how international law through international instruments views human rights violations in the agrarian sector. This writing was also prepared based on normative juridical sources through Indonesian national regulations and related to international instruments. Human Rights are a set of rights that are essentially inherent in humans. This right is natural, cannot be contested or taken away, and applies universally. Violations of human rights occur if these rights are taken away or challenged by other parties. The field of human rights violations is very broad, covering various rights possessed by humans, including in this case regarding land in the agrarian sector. Violations of human rights in the agrarian sector are basically similar to violations of human rights in other fields, the difference being the object of the right that gives rise to the human rights violation. In this case, the object in question is land in the agrarian sector. Indonesian national law and international law have slightly different perspectives regarding human rights violations in the agrarian sector. The difference is regarding control over the agrarian sector. National law has independent rights over the agrarian sector within its territory without interference from other parties outside the country, including international law. However, this form of violation of human rights, even in the agrarian sector, remains the subject of international law, as is the universal principle held by human rights law. To provide protection of rights in the agrarian sector, Indonesian national law applies the provisions of the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, and Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles Regulations. Meanwhile, international law applies Convention Number 169 of the International Labor Organization (ILO), as well as the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Therefore, this writing aims to explain the point of view of how Indonesian national law views human rights violations in the agrarian sector through domestic regulations, as well as how international law through international instruments views human rights violations in the agrarian sector. This writing was also prepared based on normative juridical sources through Indonesian national regulations and related to international instruments.

References

1. Sabila, Y., Bustamam, K., & Badri, B. (2019). Landasan Teori Hak Asasi Manusia dan Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial, 3(2), 205-224.

2. Zakie, M. (2016). Konflik agraria yang tak pernah reda. Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 24(1), 40-55.

3. Sumardjono, M. S. (2008). Tanah dalam perspektif hak ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Penerbit Buku Kompas.

4. Fath, A., & Fawwaz, R. (2024). Pengadaan Tanah Untuk Kepentingan Umum Di Pulau Rempang Ditinjau Dari Sudut Pandang Hak Asasi Manusia. Forschungsforum Law Journal, 1(01), 31–40.

5. El-Muhtad, M. (2007). Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Konstitusi Indonesia. Kencana.

6. Kurniawan, S. (2019). Hak-hak Anak yang dirampas Kajian Terhadap Kasus Perdagangan dan Eksploitasi Anak Dalam Sudut Pandang HAM dan Islam. J. Stud. Gend. dan Anak, 109-117.

7. Qc, M. N. S. (2019). Hukum Internasional. Nusamedia.

8. Tumbel, Z. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak-Hak Budaya Masyarakat Adat Dalam Perspektif Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia. Lex Et Societatis, 8(1).

9. Amaliyah, S. (2023). Kronologi Bentrok Warga dan Aparat di Pulau Rempang Batam.

10. Baljanan, G. M., Tahamata, L. C. O., & Alfons, S. S. (2022). Eksistensi Instrumen Hukum Lokal dalam menjamin hak-hak masyarakat adat dalam perspektif informal Justice System di Kep Kei Besar. SANISA: Jurnal Kreativitas Mahasiswa Hukum, 2(1), 9–17.

11. Bangun, E. L. B. R. (2018). Pengadaan Tanah Dari Tanah Ulayat Masyarakat Hukum Adat Untuk Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Demi Kepentingan Umum. Uajy.

12. Halwan, M., & Nansa, A. (2021). Politik Hukum Pemerintah Dalam Bidang Pertanahan Dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. MADDIKA: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 2(2), 13–25.

13. Chahyo Nugroho, O. (2018). Konflik Agraria di Maluku Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia (Agrarian Conflict in Maluku Viewed from the Perspective of Human Rights). Jurnal HAM, 9(1), 87–101. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2018.9.87-101

14. Mannan, A. (2018). Dinamika Politik Hukum di Indonesia. KENCANA.

15. Nasrudin Yahya, A. (2020). Datangi Komnas HAM, Effendi Buhing: Kami Korban Kriminalisasi. Kompas.Com.

16. Sukarman, H. (2021). Degradasi Keadilan Agraria dalam Omnibus Law. Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi, 9(1).

17. Sulistyaningsih, R. (2021). Reforma Agraria di Indonesia. Perspektif, 26(1), 57-64.

18. Muhdar, M. Z., & Jasmaniar, J. (2021). Hak Masyarakat Adat: Studi Perbandingan Deklarasi PBB Tentang Hak-Hak Masyarakat Adat Dan Pasal 18 B Ayat 2 UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law, 3(2), 119-134.

19. Masiun, S. Kajian Yuridis Terhadap Deklarasi Pbb Tentang Hak-Hak Masyarakat Adat Tahun 2007 (United Nations Declarartion On The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples 2007) Dalam Sistim Hukum Internasional Dan Nasional Serta Pengakuannya Terhadap Hak-Hak Masyarakat Adat. Jurnal Hukum Prodi Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Untan (Jurnal Mahasiswa S1 Fakultas Hukum) Universitas Tanjungpura, 4(2).

20. Prithresia, B. (2024). Kajian Perbandingan Asas Nasionalitas Hukum Agraria dalam Konteks Internasional. UNES Law Review, 6(2), 7305-7313.

21. Gofita, S., Rasya, H. S., Nabillah, F., Anastasya, N., & Wati, D. S. (2024). Analisis Hukum Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Yang Terjadi Pada Kasus Sengketa Agraria di Pulau Rempang. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(1), 2303-2312.

22. Nugroho, O. C., & Kav, J. H. R. S. (2018). Konflik Agraria di Maluku Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. Jurnal HAM, 9(1), 87-101.

23. Thontowi, J. (2000). Penguasaan dan Pemilikan Tanah yang Diskriminatif: dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional dan Hukum Nasional. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 7(13), 31-46.

24. Muntaqo, F. (2011). Menyikapi Era Globalisasi di Bidang Agraria. Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Hukum, Jilid, 40.

25. Sutrisno, A. (2024). Perlindungan yang Terlupakan Mengenai Pelanggaran Hak Anak dalam Hukum Humaniter Internasional Studi Kasus Konflik Palestina. Journal of Basic Learning and Thematic, 2(1), 7-14.

26. Wendra, M., & Sutrisno , A. . (2023). Penerapan Hukum Internasional Terkait United Nation Framework Convention On Climate Change Dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim. Journal Evidence Of Law, 2(2), 265–275. https://doi.org/10.59066/jel.v2i2.563

27. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1666718/komnas-ham-konflik-agraria-jadi-kasus-yang-paling-sering-dilaporkan-sepanjang-2022

28. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2023/09/22/23563601/komnas-ham-konflik-psn-rempang-eco-city-terindikasi-kuat-terjadi-pelanggaran

29. https://www.mongabay.co.id/2023/09/16/masyarakat-adat-di-rempang-ada-sebelum-indonesia/